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Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: Know the Difference and How to Treat 
Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: Know the Difference and How to Treat 
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February 02/2025

Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: Know the Difference and How to Treat 

Sometimes, an illness will clear up with a little rest and fluids, while other situations require medication to prevent complications. Knowing the difference between a bacterial and viral infection can help you get the right treatment. Many people assume that all infections should be treated the same way, but that isn’t really the truth. It depends on the cause of your illness and how your body responds to it. Southern Maryland Medical Group is here to help local patients understand the best ways to treat common infections. Keep reading to find out how to recognize symptoms and when you should see a healthcare provider.

The Difference Between Bacteria and Viruses

Both viruses and bacteria can cause an infection, but each of them works in very different ways. Bacteria are living organisms that reproduce on their own. Some bacteria are extremely beneficial and help with digestion and protection against harmful microbes. Others can cause issues like urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and strep throat. Viruses are much smaller and require a host to stay alive. They invade healthy cells and use them to multiply and spread. Since they depend on human cells to replicate, they cannot be treated with antibiotics. Instead, viral infections usually have to run their course, and the treatments are focused on relief of symptoms and support of the immune system.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Infections caused by a virus or bacteria will have similar symptoms, but there are a few differences that can help you identify which issue you’re dealing with. Bacterial infections are usually localized and include pus formation, swelling, or pain. Viral infections have more generalized symptoms that affect the whole body. Fever, fatigue, respiratory problems, coughing, congestion, and muscle aches are common. These types of infections will often resolve on their own within a week, but severe cases will require medical care. Here are a list of warning signs that mean you should see a healthcare provider:

  • Symptoms last longer than 10 days
  • You have a high fever that persists even with over-the-counter medication
  • Breathing difficulty or chest pain develops
  • There’s swelling, redness, or pus forming near the infection site
  • Vomiting or diarrhea is causing dehydration
  • You’re experiencing extreme fatigue or mental confusion

What Kind of Treatments Work Best?

Since bacteria and viruses function differently, treatment approaches will also vary. Bacterial infections will respond to antibiotics, which are designed to kill bacteria or stop them from multiplying. Unfortunately, antibiotics are ineffective against viral issues and should only be used when prescribed by a healthcare provider. Overuse of antibiotics can eventually lead to resistance and can make infections more difficult to treat in the future. Viral treatment will focus on symptom management and encourage a healthy immune system. This means rest, hydration, and some medications that take care of high fever, congestion, and body aches. Vaccines are generally the best way to prevent some forms of viral infections, like measles, influenza, or COVID-19. Here are some ways you can support your body while it’s in recovery:

  • Drink lots of water to stay well-hydrated
  • Get enough sleep at night and rest during the day
  • Use a humidifier to ease chest congestion
  • Gargle salt water for sore throats
  • Take a pain reliever for fevers and body aches
  • Eat nutrient-rich foods to support immunity
  • Use honey and warm to for throat irritation

Staying Healthy and Avoiding Infections

If you want to be proactive and prevent infections in the first place, there are a few steps you can take to minimize problems in the future. Proper hygiene, a healthy diet, and vaccinations will help reduce risks. Wash your hands well, and avoid close contact with anyone who may have an infection. Exercise, quality sleep, and decreased stress can also help to keep your immune system strong. See primary care doctors for routine check-ups and make sure that your vaccinations are up to date. You may consider wearing a mask during flu season, especially in crowded indoor spaces.

Do You Need Professional Medical Care?

Are you worried that you may have a viral or bacterial infection? Southern Maryland Medical Group is here to help you recover quickly. Our primary care doctors provide accurate diagnoses and individual treatment plans that will help restore your immune system and avoid unnecessary complications. If you’re feeling unwell and need medical advice, schedule an appointment with us today.

 

 

Our Locations

Southern Maryland Medical Group has 3 convenient locations to provide professional medical care services in the Southern Maryland area. Call or schedule an appointment with one of our locations to get medical care help. 

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Camp Springs, MD

5801 Allentown Road, Suite 400 Camp Spring, MD 20746

Phone: 301-868- 0150

Billing Inquiries: 301-552-1270

Fax: 301-868-0243

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Greenbelt, MD

7500 Greenway Center, Dr #1200 Greenbelt, MD 20770

Phone: 301-486-7580

Billing Inquiries: 301-552-1270

Fax: 301-486-7581

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Riverdale, MD

6510 Kenilworth Ave, Ste 1400, Riverdale MD 20737

Phone: 301-618-0771

Billing Inquiries: 301-552-1270

Fax: 301-618-0772